Class Materials:

Nelson, T. (1974) ComputerLib/Dream Machines

Nooney, L. (2023). The Apple II age: How the computer became personal. In The Apple II Age. University of Chicago Press.

 Rankin, J. L. (2018). A people’s history of computing in the United States. Harvard University Press. (Ch.7) 

Community Memory archive

Interrupt Magazine (Issues 1-5)

Abbate, J. (2002). Getting small: a short history of the personal computer. Proceedings of the IEEE, 87(9), 1695-1698.

Apple II

Molnar, V. (1975). Toward aesthetic guidelines for paintings with the aid of a computer. Leonardo, 185-189.

The land before modern APIs

Codd, E. F. (1970). A relational model of data for large, shared data banks. Communications of the ACM, 13(6), 377-387.

Hiltzik, M. (1999). Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawning of the Computer Age. New York, NY: HarperCollins.

Petrick, E. (2018). Imagining the personal computer: Conceptualizations of the Homebrew Computer Club 1975–1977. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 39(4), 27-39.

Cerf, V., & Kahn, R. (1974). A protocol for packet network intercommunication. IEEE Transactions on communications, 22(5), 637-648.

Look at Katie Herzog’s Object Oriented Programming paintings

Hintz, E. (2018). Susan Kare: Design Icon. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 40(2), 48-61.

Nakamura, L. (2014). Indigenous circuits: Navajo women and the racialization of early electronic manufacture. American Quarterly, 66(4), 919-941.

Lamport, L. (2019). Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system. In Concurrency: the Works of Leslie Lamport (pp. 179-196).

Colossus: The Forbin Project

Barnes, S. B. (2010). User friendly: A short history of the graphical user interface. Sacred Heart University Review, 16(1), 4.

Excerpt from The Soul of a New Machine by Tracy Kidder

 Computer People for Peace materials

Haeyoung, A. (2022). The Activist Legacy of the IBM Black Workers Alliance. Wired Magazine.